The Character Of Benjamin The Donkey And His Skepticism Of...

For my reflective piece I chose to explore the character of Benjamin the donkey and his skepticism of things changing for the better. I chose to do this by writing a short story, telling one of the key scenes from Animal Farm from Benjamin s perspective. The reason I chose to write this is because even from the start of Animal Farm I have been interested in the character of Benjamin, and in how he must have felt for, although it could be argued he was right be skeptical, the realisation must have been, at the least, bittersweet. The piece is intended for people who have read Animal Farm completely. As he worked in the fields, weeding turnips, Benjamin supposed that he was a donkey. Although true as a purely physical statement, it was also where he suspected his continual skepticism came from. He admitted that things had taken a downturn since Snowball had been driven out but even in the early days of the rebellion, when everyone had been hopeful and optimistic, had he been a cynic, not to mention the 30 years beforehand. So far, with Boxer injured and Napoleon s growing indulgences, he believed himself to be justified. Things may change, for better or for worse, but they will always change back. Benjamin said to himself. A lesson from his father. As he pondered, out of the corner of his eye, he saw a flash of light. He frowned. One of the few signs of Benjamin s age was his degrading eyesight. Even so, there appeared to be something moving down the

A Beginners Guide to Reading a Map

In an age when mapping apps are commonplace, you may think traditional map reading an obsolete skill. But if you enjoy hiking, camping, exploring the wilderness, and other outdoor activities, a good road or  topographic map can be your best friend. Real maps are reliable. Unlike cell phones and GPS devices, there are no signals to lose or batteries to change with a paper map—you can trust that theyll get you where you need to go. This guide will introduce you to the basic elements of a map. Legend Cartographers or map designers use symbols to represent different elements of a map. The legend, also called a key, is the map feature that shows you how to interpret these symbols.  Legends are often in the shape of a rectangle. While not exactly the same across the board, many symbols in a legend are fairly standard from one map to another. A square with a flag on top usually represents a school and a dashed line usually represents a border. Note, however, that map symbols often used in the United States are generally used for different things in other countries. The symbol for a secondary highway used on a United States Geological Survey topographic map, for example, represents a railroad on Swiss maps. Title A maps title tells you at a glance what that map is depicting. If youre looking at a map called A Road Map of Utah, you can expect to see interstate and state highways, plus major local roadways across the state. A Utah Geological Map, on the other hand, will depict specific scientific data for the region, such as city groundwater supplies. Regardless of the type of map youre using, it should have a useful title. Orientation A map isnt very helpful if you dont know you dont know your position on it. Most cartographers align their maps so that the top of the page represents north and use a small arrow-shaped icon with an N beneath it to point you in the right direction. Keep north at the top of your page. Some maps, such as topographic maps, instead point to true north (the North Pole) or to magnetic north (where your compass points, to northern Canada). More elaborate maps may even include a compass rose, depicting all four cardinal directions (north, south, east, west). Scale A life-sized map is simply impossible. Instead, cartographers use ratios to reduce a mapped region to a much more manageable size. A maps scale tells you what ratio is being used or, more commonly, depicts a given distance as the equivalent of a measurement. For example, 1 inch representing 100 miles.   The scale of a map will be smaller for large regions and larger for small regions depending on how much an area has been shrunken to fit. Color There are many color schemes used by cartographers for different purposes. Whether a map is political, physical, thematic, or general, a user can look to its legend for an explanation of colors.   Elevation is commonly represented as various dark greens for low or below sea level areas, browns for hills, and white or grays for areas of highest elevation. A political map, depicting only state and national borders or boundaries, uses a wide range of colors to separate states and countries. Contour Lines If youre using a topographic map that depicts changes in elevation in addition to roads and other landmarks, youll see wavy and meandering brown lines. These are called contour lines and represent a given elevation as it falls upon the contour of the landscape. Neatline A neatline is the border of a map. It helps to define the edge of the map area and keep things looking organized. Cartographers may also use neatlines to define offsets, which are mini-maps depicting magnified important areas or those not within the maps boundaries. Many road maps, for example, contain offsets of major cities that show additional cartographic  detail like local roads and landmarks.

America Is Still on Top - 1505 Words

Analyzing the Article â€Å"America, Still on Top† American universities currently do a better job overall at preparing students for the society. Vartan Gregorian in his article â€Å"America, Still on Top†, declares that one of the great strengths of U.S. higher education is that it grew by â€Å"informal design†. He mentions the 1862 Morrill act, which the states were able to found colleges by using federal lands. Also states created universities, junior city and county colleges. In this article Gregorian compare the universities in America with some countries especially China. He talks about the private universities in some countries and discusses the reason that they are not as successful as American’s Universities. Also he talks about†¦show more content†¦In some countries all the students cannot enter universities because there are not enough universities, but they are willing to continue their education. So some low-quality universities are built up that Gregorian names them as â€Å"universities only in name†. He brings an example of these kinds of private universities in the central India n state of Chhattisgarh. Also in these kinds of universities some people just want to consider as a student and get a degree and probably get a good job in the future. They enroll in these universities that have poor quality. This is a really good argument that he mentioned. This shows the difference in quality between the universities in America and other countries. Paying good salaries to the professors in the U.S can have a positive effect on the quality of the universities in America, but it is not everything. Gregurian claims that: â€Å"Faculty is also an issue: In many countries, professors are poorly paid and institutions rely on temporary adjuncts, lectures and part- timers†. This is a good point. When the institutions in other countries rely on temporary staff, the quality of education will decrease compare to schools in America that do not have these kinds of problems. Again he does not mention the name of the country and school. He does not have ethics in his writing. He brings good examples, but they are not credible. I agree that teachers, who get good salaries, work betterShow MoreRelatedAre We A Fast Food Nation?1332 Words   |  6 Pagesdrive to drive thru, receive food in a instance, and it has become a habit. Since the recession the fast food industry has recover and it’s doing better than ever. The burgers being the most popular fast food sold in America. America is also in the top 10 fast food nations. America is a fast food nation. Americans fast food nation did not just happen overnight. Instead it started with some hot dog and hamburger stands (Mifflin). 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Donatello Essay Research Paper Donatello free essay sample

Donatello Essay, Research Paper Donato di betto bardi Donatello ( 1386-1466 ) was a maestro of sculpture in bronze and marble and was one of the greatest Italian Renaissance creative persons of his clip. A batch is known about his life and calling but small is known about his character and personality. He neer married and seems to be a adult male of simple gustatory sensations. Patrons frequently found him difficult to cover with and he demanded a batch of artistic freedom. The letterings and signatures on his plants are among the earliest illustrations of classical Roman inscription. He had a more elaborate scope of cognition of antediluvian sculpture than any other creative person of his clip. His work was inspired by ancient ocular illustrations which he frequently transformed, he was truly viewed as a realist but subsequently research showed he was much more. Early calling. Donatello was the boy of Niccolo di Betto Bardi, a Florentine wool carder. It is non known how he started his calling but likely learned stone carving from one of the sculpturers working for the cathedral of Firenze about 1400. Some clip between 1404 and 1407 he became a member of the workshop of Lorenzo Ghiberti who was a sculpturer in bronze. Donatello # 8217 ; s earliest work was a marble statue of David. The # 8220 ; David # 8221 ; was originally made for the cathedral but was moved in 1416 to the Palazzo Vecchio which is a metropolis hall where it long stood as a civic-patriotic symbol. From the 16th century on it was eclipsed by the mammoth # 8220 ; David # 8221 ; of Michelangelo which served the same intent. Other of Donatello # 8217 ; s early plants which were still partially Gothic are the impressive seated marble figure of St. John the Evangelist for the cathedral and a wooden rood in the church of Sta. Croce. The full power of Donatello foremost appeared in two marble statues, # 8220 ; St. Mark # 8221 ; and # 8220 ; St. George # 8221 ; which were completed in 1415. # 8220 ; St. George # 8221 ; has been replaced and is now in the Bargello. For the first clip the human organic structure is rendered as a functional being. The same qualities came in the series of five prophesiers statues that Donatello did get downing in 1416. The statues were of beardless and bearded Prophetss every bit good as a group of Abraham and Isaac in 1416-1421 and besides the # 8220 ; Zuccone # 8221 ; and # 8220 ; Jeremiah # 8221 ; . # 8220 ; Zuccone # 8221 ; is celebrated as the finest of the belfry statues and one of the creative person # 8217 ; s chef-doeuvres. Donatello invented his ain bold new manner of alleviation in his marble panel # 8221 ; St. George Killing The Dragon # 8221 ; ( 1416-1417 ) . The technique involved shallow carving throughout, which created a more dramatic consequence than in his earlier plants. He no longer modelled his forms but he seemed to # 8220 ; pigment # 8221 ; them with his chisel. Donatello continued to research the possibilities of the new technique he would utilize in his marble alleviation of the 1420 # 8217 ; s and early 1430 # 8217 ; s. The best of these were # 8221 ; The Ascension, with Christ Giving the Keys to St. Peter, # 8221 ; the # 8221 ; Feast of Herod # 8221 ; ( 1433-1435 ) , the big stucco roundels with scenes from the life of St. John the Evangelist ( 1434-1437 ) , and the dome of the old vestry of S. Lorenzo shows the same technique but with coloring material added. Donatello had besides become a major sculpturer in bronze. His earliest work of this was the more than life size statue of St. Louis ( 1423 ) which was replaced half a century subsequently. Donatello in partnership with Michelozzo helped with all right bronze image on the grave of the Catholic Pope John XXIII in the baptismal font, the # 8220 ; Assumption of the Virgin # 8221 ; on the Brancacci grave and the dance angels on the out-of-door dais of the Prato Cathedral ( 1433-1438 ) . His going from the criterions of Brunelleschi did non travel to good between the two old friends and was neer repaired. Brunelleschi even made quips against Donatello. During his partnership with Michelozzo, Donatello made plants of pure sculpture, including several plants of bronze. The earliest and most of import of these was the # 8220 ; Feast of Herod # 8221 ; ( 1423-1427 ) . He besides made two figurines of Virtues and so three bare kid angels ( one which was stolen and is now in the Berlin museum ) . These statues prepared the manner for the bronze statue of David, the first big graduated table, free-standing bare statue of the Renaissance. It was the most classical of Donatello’s plants and was done for a private frequenter. Its recorded history begins with the nuptials of Lorenzo the magnificent in 1469, when it was placed in the courtyard of the Palazzo Vecchio. Whether the # 8220 ; David # 8221 ; was requested by the Medici or non, Donatello worked for them ( 1433-1443 ) , bring forthing sculptural ornaments for the Old Sacristy in S. Lorenzo, the Medici church. Works at that place included ten big alleviations in colored stucco and two sets of little bronze doors which showed saints. Paduan period. In 1443 Donatello was about to get down work on two more bronze doors for the cathedral. He started work on a statue of Erasmo da Narmi, called Gattamelata, who had died shortly earlier. Donatello did most of the work on the statue between 1447 and 1450 but the statue was non placed on the base until 1453. It shows him in classical armor, the wand of bid in his raised right manus. This statue was the ascendant of all the memorials erected since. Its celebrity was spread far and broad. Even before it was on public position, the King of Naples wanted Donatello to make the same sort of statue for him. In the early 1450 # 8217 ; s, Donatello started to work on some of import plants for the Paduan church of S. Antonio. These plants included a bronze rood and a new high communion table. His richly decorated architectural plants of marble and limestone include seven lifesize bronze statues, 21 bronze alleviations of assorted sizes, and a big limestone alleviation, # 8220 ; Entombment of Christ. # 8221 ; The lodging for these was destroyed a century subsequently and the present agreement, dating from 1895 is incorrect historically. The Madonna and St. Francis are outstanding and the finest of the alleviations are the four miracles of St. Anthony. Donatello was great in managing big Numberss of figures ( one alleviation has more than one 100 ) which predicts the building criterions of the High Renaissance. Donatello was non making much work the last three old ages at Padua, the work for the S. Antonio communion table was unpaid for and the Gattamelata memorial non placed until 1453. Offers of other topographic points reached him from Mantua, Modena, Ferrara, and even Naples, but nil came of them. He was clearly go throughing through a crisis that prevented him from working. He was subsequently quoted as stating that he about died # 8220 ; among those toads in Padua. # 8221 ; in 1456 the Florentine doctor Giovanni Chellini noted he had successfully treated the maestro for a drawn-out unwellness. Donatello merely completed two plants between 1450 and 1455, the wooden statue # 8220 ; St. John the Baptist # 8221 ; and a figure of Mary Magdalen. Both works show new world, Donatello # 8217 ; s once powerful organic structures have become shriveled and spidery. When the # 8221 ; Magdalen # 8221 ; was damaged in the 1966 inundation at Florence, Restoration work revealed the original pai nted surface, including realistic flesh tones and aureate high spots throughout the saint # 8217 ; s hair. Late Florentine period. During his absence, a new coevals of sculpturers who excelled in the intervention of marble surfaces had rose in Florence. With the alteration in Florentine gustatory sensation, all of Donatello # 8217 ; s of import petitions came from outside Florence. They included the bronze group # 8220 ; Judith and Holofernes # 8221 ; which is now standing before the Palazzo Vecchio and a bronzy statue of St. John the Baptist for Siena cathedral, besides undertook the work of the brace of bronzy doors in the late 1450 # 8217 ; s. This undertaking, which might hold rivalled Ghiberti # 8217 ; s doors for the Florentine baptismal font, was abandoned about 1460 for unknown grounds. The last old ages of Donatello # 8217 ; s life were spent planing duplicate bronze daiss for S. Lorenzo, and once more in the service of his old frequenters the Medici, he died on December 13, 1466. These duplicate bronze daiss covered with reliefs demoing the passion of Christ, are plants of enormous religious deepness and complexness. Even though some parts were left unfinished, they had to be completed by lesser creative persons.